In a perfect world we would all be born with beautiful white, regular teeth, but, unfortunately the world is not quite perfect and often children find their second, or adult teeth coming through with one or more problems where the teeth are overcrowded, protruding, leaning in, twisted, or are anomalous in some other way which we refer to as a malocclusion.
Fortunately, however, children do not have to be stuck with crooked teeth for the rest of their lives. An orthodontist is a special kind of dentist who is expert at correcting these kinds of problems by means of appliances in the mouth "(braces"), which may be fixed or removeable. Sometimes it is necessary to remove one or more teeth to make space for the others to be properly aligned, but more often than not, sophisticated modern fixed appliances make this unnecessary. For example, it is often possible to expand the upper arch of teeth by means of a plastic appliance fitted into the palate incorporating a screw device in the midline that pushes the two halves of the plate apart moving the teeth gradually into the arch of a wider semicircle, thus giving more room.
If teeth are crowded or protruding it is necessary to make some space, usually about halfway round the dental arch and then push the other teeth into the right positions so that they all align nicely. Protruding teeth can be brought back with a wire across the front that puts slight pressure on the front ones to bring them in. Teeth can be moved in many ways with combinations of wires, springs, and elastic bands, but they are only moved slowly and gradually, which allows the jawbone to adapt as they move. Our bones are constantly being reformed anyway, so it is no problem to encourage bone to be resorbed in front of a tooth to allow it to move, and then for it to reform behind it so that the tooth stays firmly fixed in place. Because a slow, progressive movement is necessary with teeth, treatment can often take up to two years to complete, sometimes longer, but the results are so good that nobody really minds this. (more...)